GC-MS analysis of extraction kinetics of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma by steam distillation / 中草药

Objective: The experiment was designed to reveal the extraction, distribution and influencing factors of volatile components in the extraction process of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR). Methods: Volatile oil of ATR was extracted by steam distillation and the extract was collected every 30 min to separate the aromatic water and volatile oil. Results: A total of 56 volatile compounds were determined, of which β-asarone, methyleugenol, cis-methylisoeugenol and γ-asarone were the main characteristic constituents. There were 41 kinds of components distributed only in water, four components only in oil and 11 kinds in both oil and water. Correlation analysis showed that the specific components in water were positively correlated with the dissolution/diffusion of the main components in water, but negatively correlated with the main components in volatile oil. The water solubility of the unique components in water was the highest. The results of radar and PCA showed that the water solubility and boiling point of the specific components in water were very high, the vapor pressure of the common components of oil and water was the highest, and the polar surface areas of the special components in oil were high. Conclusion: Affected by the physical and chemical properties of volatile component, some components specifically distributed in water increased the content of main components in the aromatic water, may resulting in volatile oil extraction process easy to "emulsification", in turn, leading to an important reason for the declining quality of volatile oil.

Study on Stability of Volatile Oil in Foeniculi Fructus and Screening Its Antioxidants in Accelerated Oxidation Environment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To screen the accelerated oxidation environment with the most drastic changes in the volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus, and to optimize the type and concentration of antioxidants. Method: The volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was extracted by steam distillation. Taking thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and peroxide value (POV) as evaluation indexes, response surface method was used to investigate the effects of temperature, concentrations of ferrous ion (Fe2+) and azoamidine initiator V50 (AAPH) on volatile oil components of Foeniculi Fructus and its oxidation products. TBARS and POV were detected by ultraviolet chromatography. The oxidative environment with the most drastic changes of volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus was screened. The type and concentration of antioxidants were selected by single factor experiments. The change discipline of volatile oil in Foeniculi Fructus after added different concentrations of antioxidants were analyzed by GC-MS. Result: The worst oxidizing environment for volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was as follows:temperature at 42.5℃,AAPH concentration of 1 g·L-1,Fe2+ concentration of 20.85 mg·L-1. Ascorbyl palmitate with concentrations of 0.2 mol·L-1 and 0.8 mol·L-1 could effectively improve the stability of volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus. Conclusion: Under the accelerated oxidation environment, the terpenes in volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus are significantly changed, but its stability can be improved by ascorbyl palmitate.

Effect of seven antioxidants on thermal stability improvement of volatile oil from curcuma longa l / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: Thermal stability of Curcuma longa L. was studied by GC-MS- analysis. The affect to Curcuma longa L.by seven antioxidants were explored. METHODS: Volatile oil of Curcuma longa L. were extracted by steam extraction and heated at different temperature. The compounds of Curcuma longa L. were analysis by GC-MS. Volatile oil were heated in different temperature and the temperature which make volatile oil most obvious changing were selected. The volatile oil was heated at 100 ℃ in different time and the time which make volatile oil most obvious changing were selected. The affect to Curcuma longa L.by seven antioxidants were explored and the antioxidant which improved thermal stability of Curcuma longa L. was selected. RESULTS: The compounds of volatile oil from Curcuma longa L. was changed most significant by heated 8 h and heated at 20 ℃.The upward trend of α-turmerone was appropriate inhibited by thymol. The downward trend of ar-curcumen was better inhibited by tocopherol. CONCLUSION: The volatile oil from Curcuma longa L. shown obvious thermal instability. The volatility compounds from volatile oil of Curcuma longa L. was changed most by heated. The thermal stability of volatile oil from Curcuma longa L. can improve by antioxidants.

Extraction kinetics of volatile oil from galangal by steam distillation / 中国中药杂志

To reveal the extraction regularity of volatile oil from galangal by GC-MS analysis. The volatile oil in galangal was extracted by steam distillation. The extract was collected every 30 min, the oil part and the water part were separated. GC-MS was used to analyze the extraction liquid collected at different time periods. A total of 140 volatile components were obtained by GC-MS analysis. Among them, the main components were eucalyptus oil alcohol, alpha-pine oil alcohol and 4-terpene alcohol; 22 special components were dissolved in water, 77 special components were dissolved in oil and 41 components were dissolved in both oil and water. With the increase of specific components in water, the content of Eucalyptus in water increased in a linear manner. The increase of eucalyptus oil further promoted the dissolution or dispersion of alpha PN in water, and the change of specific components in oil was positively correlated with the content of Eucalyptus and alpha-terpilenol in oil. The results of principal component analysis show that the physical and chemical properties of the compounds were important factors affecting the distribution of components. PC1 (molecular weight, melting point, boiling point positive correlation), PC2 (negative correlation of refractive index) and PC3 (positive correlation of water solubility) were the main components that lead to the differences in composition distribution. The process of extracting volatile oil from galangal through steam distillation was affected by the physical and chemical properties of volatile components. Some components were specifically distributed in the fragrance and volatile oil system. The endemic components of aromatic water increased the content of the main components in the water system, which may lead to the "emulsification", reduction of the yield and low quality of the volatile oil.

Optimization of the conditions for the synthetic preparation of iron sucrose complex by response surface methodology / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To optimize the conditions for the synthetic process of iron sucrose complex (ISC), via the investigation of the effects of reaction temperature (X1), reaction time (X2), amount of alkali (X3), and amount of sucrose (X4) on the relative molecular mass of the ISC product. Methods According to the experimental results for the single factor, the conditions dealing with the X1, X2, X3, and X4 parameters for the preparation of ISC were optimized by the Box-Behnker design combined with the response surface methodology using the weight average relative molecular mass of ISC as an indicator, and analyzed with gel permeation chromatography. Results The reaction temperature and the amount of alkali had a significant effect on the weight average relative molecular mass of ISC. The influence of the four factors in the descending order was as follows:X3＞X1＞X2＞X4. In the designed experimental conditions, theresponsevaluedecreasedwiththeincreaseofbothreactiontemperaturesandalkaliamounts. Conclusion Theresponse surface methodology could provide the relationship between the response values and variables via the minimum number experiments to obtain the optimized conditions for the preparation of ISCs.

Identification and analysis of anti-diabetic drugs based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the vibration frequencies and resonant peaks of different molecular groups in anti-diabetic drugs and to investigate the absorption spectra of these drugs in the range of terahertz, so as to accurately and efficiently identify similar drugs and provide foundation for understanding the contribution of such vibration in different molecular groups to pharmacology. Methods Using terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), six kinds of similar diabetes pills for treating diabetes mellitus (DM), including gliquidone, glipizide, gliclazide, glimepiride, repaglinide and metformin were tested to obtain their absorption spectra from 0.3~3.0 THz. Support vector machines (SVM) method was employed to separate these anti-diabetic drugs by selecting the experimental data from 1.5~2.0 THz. Results For gliquidone, glipizide, gliclazide, and glimepiride, an obvious resonance peak was found at 1.37 THz. According to the THz spectra, repaglinide and metformin could be easily separated from sulfonylurea drugs. Furthermore, with the help of SVM, the accuracy of discrimination for four kinds of sulfonylurea could reach 100%. Conclusions THz technology, as a new testing method, shall play a positive role in the drugs for their identification, quality control and distinguishing their chemical bonds/functional group.

Current situation of the study on treatment of bacteria translocation with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

Bacteria translocation (BT) induced enterogenous infection in multiple organs dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is closely related with the stress pyemia and MODS. For prevention of BT, western medicine stresses to improve the blood and oxygen supply of intestinal tract, mucosa protection, and application of microorganism preparation, while traditional Chinese medicine could also win good effect by using such drugs as rhubarb, red sage root, and compound decoctions.